Ureteroscopic Aspiration Dynamics and Stone Fragment Evacuation: In Vitro Comparison of the Second-Generation CVAC System and Direct In-Scope Suction

Objective: To compare the aspiration efficiency and fragment evacuation performance of the second-generation CVAC aspiration system with direct in-scope suction (DISS) devices.Methods: Synthetic stones (Begostone) were sieved into five size groups (63 m-3.3 mm).The CVAC catheter (7 Fr lumen) was tested against two DISS ureteroscopes (Pusen 3.6 Fr and 5.1 Fr).Standardized trials were performed using a Thermedx irrigation system (160 mmHg) and Neptune suction (155 mmHg).Endpoints included aspiration efficiency (g/min), clearance success within 180 s, time to clearance (Kaplan-Meier analysis), and clogging incidence.