Multiple clades of EV-D68 have emerged globally over the past two decades and are contributing to recent outbreaks of respiratory disease.
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Multiple EV-D68 clades now require clade-aware surveillance; leaves open differential virulence and vaccine implications.
Human enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) is a historically rarely reported virus linked with respiratory disease. In the past 3 years, a large increase in respiratory disease associated with EV-D68 has been reported, with documented outbreaks in North America, Europe and Asia. In several outbreaks, genetic differences were identified among the circulating strains, indicating the presence of multiple clades. In this report, we analyse archived and novel EV-D68 strains from Africa and the USA, obtained from patients with respiratory illness. Phylogenetic analysis of all EV-D68 sequences indicates that, over the past two decades, multiple clades of the virus have emerged and spread rapidly worldwide. All clades appear to be currently circulating and contributing to respiratory disease.
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Tokarz et al. (2012) studied this question.
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