Age-specific association between blood pressure and vascular and non-vascular chronic diseases in 0·5 million adults in China: a prospective cohort study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Mean blood pressure at baseline, by age and sex Means standardised for region. Analyses in 489 125 participants; exclusions as in the table. SBP=systolic blood pressure. DBP=diastolic blood pressure.

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  Figure 2. Age-specific incidence of major vascular disease versus usual SBP HRs are adjusted for age at risk (5-year groups), sex, area, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body-mass index. (A) The area of each square is inversely proportional to the variance of the category-specific log risk. (B) The area of each square is inversely proportional to the variance of the log HR. Corresponding 95% CIs are plotted as lines. Analyses were done in 489 125 participants at risk and reasons for exclusion are shown in the table. SBP=systolic blood pressure. HR=hazard ratio.

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  Figure 3. Incidence of ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and intracerebral haemorrhage versus usual SBP HRs at ages 40–79 years, adjusted for age at risk (5-year groups), sex, area, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body-mass index. For each category, the area of each square is inversely proportional to the variance of the category-specific log risk, which also determines the 95% CI. The HR is shown above each square and numbers of events below. Analyses were done in 489 125 participants at risk and reasons for exclusion are shown in the table. SBP=systolic blood pressure. HR=hazard ratio.

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  Figure 4. Effect of 10 mm Hg higher SBP on incidence of ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and intracerebral haemorrhage, by age and sex HRs for 10 mm Hg higher usual SBP at ages 40–79 years, adjusted for age at risk (5-year groups), sex, area, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body-mass index. For each category, area of square is inversely proportional to the variance log HR, which also determines the 95% CI. Analyses were done in 489 125 participants at risk and reasons for exclusion are shown in the table. SBP=systolic blood pressure. HR=hazard ratio.

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  Figure 5. Effect of 10 mm Hg higher SBP on incidence of vascular and non-vascular chronic disease HRs for 10 mm Hg higher usual SBP at ages 40–79 years, adjusted for age at risk (5-year groups), sex, area, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body-mass index. For each category, the area of the square is inversely proportional to the variance of the log HR, which also determines the 95% CI. Reasons for exclusion are shown in the table; analyses of each non-vascular disease further exclude participants with a previous diagnosis of the relevant disease at baseline (appendix p 4). SBP=systolic blood pressure. HR=hazard ratio.