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April 10, 2026EnergiesOpen Access

Grid-Connected PV and Battery Energy Storage Systems: A MILP-Based Economic Sensitivity Analysis for the Education Sector

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Authors

SMStefano MazzoniUniversity of Rome Tor VergataBNBenedetto NastasiUniversity of Rome Tor VergataKYKe YanHunan University

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Overview

This techno-economic analysis evaluates the impact of PV and battery configurations on energy self-sufficiency in educational sectors, highlighting cost sensitivities.

Key Points

  • The research aims to optimize the sizing of photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems in grid-connected communities, focusing on economic performance.
  • Developed a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for techno-economic optimization.
  • Validated model on real campus data with temperature-dependent PV efficiency and time-varying electricity prices.
  • Examined both unconstrained and budget-constrained design scenarios.
  • Unconstrained configuration installs 3.19 MWp PV and 12.3 MWh storage, achieving 78.9% self-sufficiency.
  • Budget-constrained case installs 0.99 MWp and 1.68 MWh, achieving 32.0% self-sufficiency with a 4.46 M€ NPV.
  • PV-dominated setups yield the highest value, with batteries providing limited benefits under tighter budgets.

Cite This Study

Mazzoni et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d896406c1944d70ce07960https://doi.org/10.3390/en19071803
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