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August 22, 2026Journal of Energy StorageOpen Access

Model for optimal sizing of Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage Systems considering an efficient scheme for contracted power capacity

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Authors

PJPaulo M. De Oliveira‐De JesusADAlejandro J. Salas D.JYJosé M. Yusta

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Overview

Optimization study demonstrates improved net present value for commercial solar-plus-storage systems, highlighting the financial benefits of strategic power contracting schemes.

Key Points

  • To develop a behind-the-meter sizing optimization model for photovoltaic and battery storage systems that incorporates multi-period contracted power capacity and market trading.
  • Formulated an optimization framework that maximizes Net Present Value by co-optimizing PV capacity, battery storage sizing, dispatch scheduling, and hourly contracted grid capacity.
  • Evaluated model performance using a simulation case study of a 1,000 kW commercial data center located in Madrid, comparing the outcome against a baseline sizing approach.
  • The proposed approach determined optimal sizing of 6,100 kWp PV and 9,330 kWh BESS with a [0,0,0,0,0,1] MW contracting scheme, reducing the Levelized Cost of Electricity from 114 to 77.5 US $/MWh.
  • Net Present Value increased from US $ -9,135,410.60 to US $ 3,623,548 with an Internal Rate of Return of 12.7%, achieving a 24.6% NPV enhancement over models lacking demand charge optimization.

Cite This Study

Jesus et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a895ec3ca7ade938187cee4https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2026.124014
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