Does iron deficiency negatively affect VO2max and clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF?
Iron deficiency is associated with reduced exercise capacity and worse clinical outcomes across the entire spectrum of heart failure ejection fractions.
Iron deficiency is common in patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF, and negatively affects VO2max and clinical-outcome. Progression of iron deficiency parallels an increased risk for worsening of heart failure.
Martens et al. (Fri,) studied this question.