Why the study?
Treatment of CKD requires prevention and management strategies to reduce kidney failure and associated cardiovascular risk, particularly in patients with commonly co-occurring metabolic syndrome.
Population
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome
Design
Review
Authors
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Supports multimodal pharmacotherapy for cardiorenal protection in CKD with metabolic syndrome; leaves open optimal regimens for prospective trials.
A combination of proven pharmacotherapies should be deployed to maximize cardiorenal benefits in patients with CKD and metabolic syndrome.
Zhu et al. (2025) studied this question.