The study investigates gravitational energetics and acceleration in closed FLRW cosmology, indicating new avenues for observational tests.
We study closed FLRW cosmology with spatial sections of topoloogy S3 and with observer-centered geodesic domains defined intrinsically by geodesic distance. Exact area and volume formulas on S3 exhibit a finite antipodal scale and the global compactness of the spatial slice, while also showing that geometry alone does not imply accelerated expansion. On a compact boundary-free slice the global diffeomorphism generator vanishes, so physically meaningful gravitational energy is naturally quasi-local. We combine the exact domain geometry with stan- dard quasi-local diagnostics and with the discrete transverse-traceless tensor spectrum of compact space. Constant-mean-curvature slicing provides a natural relational time variable for the effective description, while adiabatic transport of compact tensor modes motivates the leading homogeneous compactness-controlled contribution to the background dynamics in the form Λeff = Ξ/Rc2, where Ξ is a dimensionless coefficient encoding coarse-grained mode physics. The framework yields a direct consistency relation between the effective acceleration scale and the present curvature parameter, ΩΛ,eff = −(Ξ/3)ΩK , which turns the proposal into a quantitatively falsifiable target for microscopic derivation and observational tests. The remaining open problem is the gauge-invariant derivation of Ξ from quantized tensor modes on closed FLRW backgrounds.
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Preece et al. (2026) studied this question.
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