Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits IL-1β-induced release of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-1 via suppression of ERK, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling in SW982 human synovial cells

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the main active ingredient in medical and edible dual purpose plant safflower, is reported to have multiple bioactivities. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of HSYA and the underlying mechanisms were investigated in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced SW982 human synovial cells. The cells were pretreated with HSYA at various concentrations (2.5, 10 and 40 μM) followed by IL-1β (10 ng mL⁻¹) stimulation. HSYA significantly inhibited the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 in IL-1β-stimulated SW982 cells. HSYA also inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p65 and c-Jun. It also suppressed the degradation of IκBα and blocked p65 translocation into the nucleus. These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of HSYA on IL-1β-induced IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1 release might be mediated via suppression of ERK, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathways. The present data support the potential role of HSYA as an effective therapeutic agent in osteoarthritis.