Elevated Potassium Levels in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure: Occurrence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes

Figures

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  Figure 1. Cumulative incidence curves for first occurrence of potassium >5.0 mmol/L, potassium >5.5 mmol/L, or potassium >6.0 mmol/L in patients with first hospital diagnosed heart failure, according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) category.

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  Figure 2. Proportions and median follow‐up time for patients with heart failure (HF) experiencing recurrent hyperkalemia (HK) events.

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  Figure 3. Clinical outcomes before and after hyperkalemia (HK). Dark gray bars show outcomes 6 months before and after the HK date in patients with heart failure with HK. Corresponding after vs before risk ratios are shown, adjusted for competing risk of death after HK. Light gray bars show outcomes in age‐, sex‐, and heart failure duration–matched patients with heart failure without HK as a point of comparison. ACEi indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor II blocker; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit.