Review demonstrates catalytic pathways for synthesizing nitrogen heterocycles using solid catalysts, highlighting green chemistry approaches for drug and material development.
Key Points
To review the application, mechanistic pathways, and recent developments of heterogeneous catalytic systems in the sustainable synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
Surveyed literature regarding diverse heterogeneous catalysts, including metal oxides, supported metals, metal nanoparticles, zeolites, and other porous materials.
Evaluated catalytic mechanisms, reaction pathways, and green chemistry methodologies employed in constructing nitrogen heterocycles for drug discovery and materials science.
Heterogeneous catalysts consistently enable simplified catalyst separation, reusability, and minimized chemical waste generation compared to homogeneous alternatives.
Tailored solid supports, such as zeolites and nanomaterials, provide distinct mechanistic pathways that enhance reaction efficiency in complex heterocycle construction.