Thermal insulation systems worldwide and in our region

Thermal insulation is a key factor in energy-efficient and sustainable construction. It reduces heat loss, improves comfort, prevents condensation and mold, and contributes to lowering CO₂ emissions. Insulating materials are classified based on their technical, environmental, and health-related properties, with the thermal conductivity coefficient being the most important criterion. Mineral wool, expanded polystyrene (EPS), and extruded polystyrene (XPS) are the most commonly used materials, while natural materials offer better environmental characteristics. Innovations such as vacuum insulation panels (VIP), aerogels, and transparent insulation enable high performance with thin layers. This paper analyzes legal regulations and U-value (thermal transmittance coefficient) standards in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, and the EU, aiming to improve insulation standards and reduce energy consumption.