What question did this study set out to answer?

This review aims to evaluate current strategies for organ preservation in early-stage rectal cancer and their biological basis.

Organ preservation in early-stage rectal cancer: a narrative review of biological rationale, treatment strategies, and future directions

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Narrative review explores treatment strategies for early-stage rectal cancer, highlighting future directions.

This review aims to evaluate current strategies for organ preservation in early-stage rectal cancer and their biological basis.
Reviewed existing literature on treatment strategies for early-stage rectal cancer
Analyzed approaches including local excision and (chemo)radiotherapy
Discussed response-based treatment options and salvage strategies
Less invasive methods like local excision are gaining popularity compared to traditional resections
Strategies such as the watch-and-wait approach show promise for patients with clinical complete responses
Various treatment combinations can lead to improved oncological and functional outcomes.

Verhoeve et al. (2026) studied this question.

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