Renal Function, Neurohormonal Activation, and Survival in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Impaired renal function (GFR(c)) is a stronger predictor of mortality than impaired cardiac function (LVEF and New York Heart Association class) in advanced CHF, and it is associated with increased levels of N-terminal ANP. Moreover, impaired renal function was not related to LVEF, which suggests that factors other than reduced cardiac output are causally involved.