In an urban African cohort, heart failure predominantly affects young women and is most commonly caused by hypertension, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and right heart failure, with very low rates of ischemic cardiomyopathy.
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data to describe the clinical characteristics of heart failure (HF) in urban African communities in epidemiological transition. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital services the 1.1 million black African community of Soweto, South Africa. Of 1,960 cases of HF and related cardiomyopathies in 2006, we prospectively collected detailed demographic and clinical data from all 844 de novo presentations (43%). Mean age was 55 +/- 16 years, and women (479 57%) and black Africans (739 88%) predominated. Most (761 90%) had > or =1 cardiovascular risk. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 45 +/- 18%. Overall, 180 patients (23%) had isolated diastolic dysfunction, 234 (28%) tricuspid regurgitation, 121 (14%) isolated right HF, and 100 (12%) mitral regurgitation. The most common diagnoses were hypertensive HF (281 33%), idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (237 28%), and, surprisingly, right HF (225 27%). Black Africans had less ischemic cardiomyopathy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.20) but more idiopathic and other causes of cardiomyopathy (adjusted odds ratio, 4.80; 95% CI, 2.57 to 8.93). Concurrent renal dysfunction, anemia, and atrial fibrillation were found in 172 (25%), 72 (10%), and 53 (6.3%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These contemporary data highlight the multiple challenges of preventing and managing an increasing and complex burden of HF in urban Africa. In addition to tackling antecedent hypertension, a predominance of young women and a large component of right HF predicate the development of tailored therapeutic strategies.
Stewart et al. (2008) studied this question.