CuO stabilized on magnetic decorated GO nanosheets for efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one/thione and 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives under green conditions.

This study presents a green, efficient and sustainable method for synthesizing biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one/thione (3,4-DHPMs/3,4-DHPMTs) and 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHPs) heterocycles. The protocol involves a one-pot, three-component condensation of aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and urea or ammonium carbonate, catalyzed by heterogeneous CuO stabilized on magnetic decorated GO nanosheets (CuO/mGO-TA-Me-BTA) nanocomposite. The method adheres to green chemistry principles, offering advantages such as short reaction times, high yields, easy work-up, and the use of a recyclable and low-cost catalyst. The catalyst demonstrated remarkable stability and could be reused up to six times without significant loss of its activity. The CuO/mGO-TA-Me-BTA nanocomposite was extensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, EDX elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).