Extraction methods dictate pumpkin seed protein structure and thereby govern the linear and nonlinear rheological behavior of high internal phase emulsions.

-HIPEs at pH 6.0, which may be associated with low solubility and the aggregation of undissolved protein particles, thereby contributing to a stronger bulk network. In conclusion, mild extraction could preserve the native protein conformation of PSPI, thereby enhancing the performance of HIPEs and offering perspectives for alternative protein development.