Occurrence of Comorbid Metabolic and Depressive Symptoms across Sociodemographic Categories in the United States

Objective: This study was conducted to quantify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic strata in a nationally representative U.S. sample. Methods: We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-March 2020 data for participants aged 18 years and older. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome alone and in combination was measured across racial/ethnic, sex, age, and income strata. Chi-square tests were used for between-group comparisons. Those in the highest economic group were least likely to have either or both conditions. Conclusions: Disparities in comorbid conditions exist across socioeconomic and demographic strata. Achieving optimal and equitable health outcomes for people with these comorbidities will require "whole-person-in-context" interventions. Integrated approaches to coexisting medical, psychological, and social complexities are needed.