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May 13, 2026Heart0 citations

Understanding Cardiac Disease versus Physiological Adaptation in Athletes

Grey zone between physiological adaptation and cardiac disease in athletes: state of knowledge and future perspectives

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Authors

SSSanjay SivalokanathanAMAneil MalhotraJHJennie Han

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Overview

Review highlights differential diagnosis challenges of sudden cardiac death risk in athletes, suggesting better surveillance methods.

Key Points

  • Examine the overlap between physiological changes in athletes and cardiac diseases linked to sudden cardiac death.
  • Review existing literature on cardiac adaptation and sudden cardiac death in athletes.
  • Analyze factors influencing cardiac changes, including age, sex, and ethnicity.
  • Discuss the challenges in differentiating between athlete's heart and heart disease.
  • Identified the grey zone where physiological changes mimic heart disease.
  • Reported the necessity of ongoing surveillance in young athletes.
  • Outlined the benefits and pitfalls of current diagnostic tests for cardiac assessment.

Cite This Study

Sivalokanathan et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a03cbfc1c527af8f1ecfcaehttps://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2025-327641
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