The carnivalesque in Pak Kyongni's novel Toji - Chronotope and anti-chronotope -

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Key Points

This research aims to analyze the carnivalesque elements in Pak Kyongni's novel Toji, focusing on its complex narrative structure.
Systematic analysis of the carnivalesque using Bakhtin's theories.
Exploration of specific historical and communal events in the narrative, such as Gwangdae play and the March 1st Movement.
Interpretation of dreams and fantasies from characters, emphasizing anti-chronotope perspectives.
Identified community-based carnivalesque scenes where social hierarchies are temporarily subverted, reflecting resistance in a colonial context.
Revealed a personal, unreal carnivalesque through dream sequences that articulate inner desires and societal conflicts.
Expanded discussions on chronotope by linking it with carnivalesque elements, highlighting tensions between historical and unreal narrative dimensions.

Analyzing the carnivalesque in Toji reveals historical community aspects and personal anti-chronotopes, suggesting evolving narrative structures.

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Yun-a Cho (2026) studied this question.

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