Key result
Abnormal ankle-brachial index predicts ~101% greater MACE risk in ESKD, especially with reduced LVEF.
Why the study?
The prognostic value of ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in association with biomarkers has not been fully evaluated in ESKD patients.
Do ankle-brachial index, arterial stiffness, and biomarkers predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis?
Cohort (n=104)
Do ankle-brachial index, arterial stiffness, and biomarkers predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis?
Effect estimate: HR 2.01
p-value: p=< .05
Abnormal ankle-brachial index is a robust, independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients, and its predictive value is significantly enhanced when combined with biomarkers or reduced LVEF.
Abnormal ABI may refine MACE risk stratification in ESKD on hemodialysis; leaves open need for prospective validation before clinical adoption.
BACKGROUND: Although ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) are significant predictors of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), their prognostic value in association with biomarkers has not been fully evaluated in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that ABI/baPWV would provide better prognostic value independent of biomarkers in ESKD patients. METHODS: This study included 104 ESKD patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis who underwent ABI and baPWV examinations and laboratory tests, including brain-natriuretic peptide, high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). MACE was defined as a composite event of all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome, and stroke. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 3.6 ± 1.7 years, a total of 51 MACE were observed. The independent factors associated with MACE were age >75 years (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; P < .05), abnormal ABI (adjusted HR, 2.01; P < .05), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% (adjusted HR, 3.33; P < .001), the upper tertile of hs-cTnT (adjusted HR, 2.77; P < .05), and hs-CRP (HR, 1.96; P < .05). However, baPWV did not remain as an independent predictor of MACE in the entire cohort and also in patients without abnormal ABI. The combination of predictors improves the predictive value of MACE, providing increased HR with 4.00 for abnormal ABI + hs-CRP, 4.42 for abnormal ABI + hs-cTnT, and 7.04 for abnormal ABI + LVEF <50% (all P < .001). CONCLUSION: Abnormal ABI is a robust predictor of MACE independent of biomarkers and their combination provides better risk stratification compared with a single predictor in ESKD patients.
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Otsuka et al. (2019) conducted a cohort in End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) (n=104). Ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was evaluated on MACE (composite event of all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome, and stroke) (HR 2.01, p=< .05). Abnormal ankle-brachial index independently predicted MACE in ESKD patients (adjusted HR 2.01; P<0.05), and its combination with LVEF <50% further increased risk (HR 7.04; P<0.001).
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