Total thoracoscopic ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and left ventricular dysfunction

Figures

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  Improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction following totally thoracoscopic ablation.

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  Figure 1. Left, schematic illustration of surgical ablation lesion. Right, improvement of left ventricular function in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% at a median of 3 months following totally thoracoscopic ablation. The mean LVEF improved from 39.7 ± 6.1% to 53.6 ± 9.3% (P < .001). LAA, Left atrial appendage, SVC, superior vena cava; LUPV, left upper pulmonary vein; RUPV, right upper pulmonary vein; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; GP, ganglionated plexus; LoM, ligament of Marshail; IVC, inferior vena cava; LLPV, left lower pulmonary vein; RLPV, right lower pulmonary vein; CS, coronary sinus; AF, atrial fibrillation; TTA, totally thoracoscopic ablation.

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  Figure 2. Flow diagram of enrollment, follow-up, and rhythm outcomes at a median 32 months following totally thoracoscopic ablation. TTA, Totally thoracoscopic ablation; PV, pulmonary vein; GP, ganglionated plexus; LAA, left atrial appendage, SVC, superior vena cava; IVC, inferior vena cava; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; RFCA, radiofrequency catheter ablation; AAD, anti-arrhythmic drug.