John G. Nicholls, Paul Cobb, Terry Wood, Erna Yackel, Michael Patashnick, Assessing Students' Theories of Success in Mathematics: Individual and Classroom Differences, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Mar., 1990), pp. 109-122
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Nicholls et al. (1990) studied this question.
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