Does empirical left atrial appendage isolation improve freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias compared to low-voltage area ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation despite durable pulmonary vein isolation?
In patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation despite durable pulmonary vein isolation, empirical left atrial appendage isolation did not improve freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias compared to low-voltage area ablation.
BACKGROUND: Ablation strategies for patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation and isolated pulmonary veins vary and their effects on arrhythmia recurrence remain unclear. A prospective randomized German multicenter trial sought to compare 2 ablation strategies in this patient cohort. METHODS: Patients with atrial fibrillation despite durable pulmonary vein isolation were randomly assigned at 7 centers to undergo low-voltage area ablation using 3-dimensional mapping and irrigated radiofrequency current ablation (group A) or empirical left atrial appendage isolation (LAAI) using the cryoballoon followed by staged interventional left atrial appendage closure (group B). The primary end point was freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias between 91 and 365 days after index ablation. The study was powered for superiority of LAAI compared with low-voltage area. RESULTS: Patients (40% women; mean age, 68.8±8 years) with paroxysmal (32%) or persistent atrial fibrillation (68%) were randomized to undergo low-voltage area ablation (n=79) or cryoballoon-guided LAAI (n=82). After a planned interim analysis, enrollment was halted for futility on January 10, 2023. In the LAAI group, 77 of 82 left atrial appendages were successfully isolated with subsequent left atrial appendage closure in 57 patients. Procedure-related complications occurred in 4 (5%) and 11 (13.5%) patients in group A and B, respectively ( P =0.10). The median follow-up was 367 days (interquartile range, 359–378). The Kaplan-Meier point estimate for freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias was 51.7% (CI, 40.9%–65.4%) for group A and 55.5% (CI, 44.4%–69.2%; P =0.8069) for group B. CONCLUSIONS: The current study did not detect superiority of cryoballoon-guided LAAI over low-voltage area ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation despite durable PVI. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT04056390.
Schmidt et al. (Mon,) studied this question.