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April 1, 2020Journal of Atrial FibrillationOpen Access

Anatomy versus physiology-guided ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation

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Why the study?

Due to high AF recurrence rates after PVI alone in persistent AF, the optimum complementary ablation strategy in addition to PVI is unknown.

Does pulmonary vein isolation plus linear ablation improve freedom from atrial fibrillation recurrence compared to pulmonary vein isolation plus CFAE ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation?

Population

92 patients with persistent AF

Comparison

PVI plus complex fractionated electrograms ablation vs PVI plus additional linear ablation

Design

Prospective randomized trial

Follow-up

Five years (mean 59±36 months)

Key result

Pulmonary vein isolation plus linear ablation did not significantly improve long-term freedom from atrial fibrillation compared to pulmonary vein isolation plus CFAE ablation (48.3% vs 44.6%, HR 1.34, p=0.412).

Discussion

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Overview

Neither strategy superior; confirms equivalent modest long-term efficacy of linear versus CFAE ablation added to PVI.

Study Design

Type

RCT (n=92)

Blinding

Open-label

Randomization

1:1

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Does pulmonary vein isolation plus linear ablation improve freedom from atrial fibrillation recurrence compared to pulmonary vein isolation plus CFAE ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation?

P
Population
92 adults with symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation, followed for a mean of 59 months.
I
Intervention
Pulmonary-vein isolation (PVI) plus additional linear ablation across the left atrial roof and mitral valve isthmus (anatomy-guided approach).
C
Comparator
Pulmonary-vein isolation (PVI) plus ablation of electrograms showing complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) (physiology-guided approach).
O
Outcome
Freedom from any documented recurrence of atrial fibrillation after a single ablation procedure.hard clinical

Main Result

Hazard Ratio: 1.34 (95% CI 0.666–2.695)

Absolute Event Rate: 48.3% vs 44.6%

p-value: p=0.412

In patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, adding either linear ablation or CFAE ablation to pulmonary vein isolation results in similar, modest long-term freedom from atrial fibrillation.

Limitations

  • Single center, small randomized study
  • Did not include a group assigned to pulmonary vein isolation only
  • Mechanism of recurrence of AF could not be ascertained whether it was dependent on PVs
  • Maneuvers to improve the durability of pulmonary vein isolation (e.g., adenosine provocation, contact force) were not used
  • Recurrence was noted on 24-hour Holter; continuous monitoring might have shown higher recurrence rates
  • Quality of life data and long-term findings on repeat ablation could not be ascertained
  • Accuracy of long-term AF recurrence could be dampened from retrospective data collection

Cite This Study

A 2020 study conducted an RCT in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (n=92). Pulmonary vein isolation plus linear ablation vs. Pulmonary vein isolation plus complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) ablation was evaluated on Freedom from any documented recurrence of atrial fibrillation after a single ablation procedure (HR 1.34, 95% CI 0.666-2.695, p=0.412). Pulmonary vein isolation plus linear ablation did not significantly improve long-term freedom from atrial fibrillation compared to pulmonary vein isolation plus CFAE ablation (48.3% vs 44.6%, HR 1.34, p=0.412).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a96eb211f16343146bb98f8https://doi.org/10.4022/jafib.2280
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