Key result
Lower adiponectin/leptin ratio predicts metabolic syndrome in obese patients with an AUC of 0.75.
Why the study?
Although metabolic syndrome is considered a manifestation of obesity, a proportion of obese patients do not develop it, prompting evaluation of whether plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations differ between metabolically unhealthy obese patients and matched controls.
Do plasma adiponectin and leptin levels differ between metabolic unhealthy obese patients and metabolic healthy controls?
Case-Control (n=153)
No
Do plasma adiponectin and leptin levels differ between metabolic unhealthy obese patients and metabolic healthy controls?
Effect estimate: AUC 0.75
p-value: p=<0.001
Adiponectin, leptin, and their ratio can serve as indicators for metabolic syndrome and obesity, distinguishing metabolically unhealthy obese patients from healthy controls.
May aid metabolic risk stratification in obese patients; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation.
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, consider as a manifestation of obesity. However, a proportion of obese patients do not develop MetS. The aim of our study was to determine whether concentration of plasma adiponectin and leptin differ between metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO) patients and comparable age- and sex-matched control groups. Methods: In this case-control study, we assigned 51 obese patients with MetS (MUO) in cases group and 102 metabolic healthy obese (MHO) and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects matched for age and gender to cases in control groups. The study was conducted between December 2014 and February 2016 in the Endocrinology Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran. We measured serum adiponectin, leptin, their ratio, and body composition in all subjects. Results: No significant differences were observed between MHO and MUO in term of total fat mass and trunk fat (P>0.05). Compared to MHO and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects, MUO subjects had lower levels of plasma adiponectin (P<0.001) and lower plasma adiponectin to leptin ratio (P<0.001) and a higher level of plasma leptin (P<0.002). A Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was used to identify the ability of adiponectin and leptin level to predict the MetS. The area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was 0.66 (P<0.01), 0.73 (P<0.001) and 0.75 (P<0.001) for leptin, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio levels respectively. Conclusion: Our study introduced adiponectin and leptin as indicator of MetS and obesity respectively.
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Yosaee et al. (2020) conducted a case-control in Metabolic syndrome (n=153). Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels vs. Metabolic healthy obese and normal weight subjects was evaluated on Prediction of metabolic syndrome using adiponectin/leptin ratio (AUC 0.75, p=<0.001). Lower plasma adiponectin levels and adiponectin/leptin ratio predicted metabolic syndrome in obese patients, with the ratio yielding an area under the curve of 0.75 (P<0.001).
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