Key result
Primary EV71 infection linked to ~83% higher odds of HFMD reinfection.
Why the study?
Because the absence of cross-protection against different enterovirus sub-types makes hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection common, this study aimed to explore its epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors in Qingdao City.
Observational (n=78,422)
Boys aged 5 years and below, especially those with severe cases and first infected with EV71, are more prone to HFMD reinfection, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Identifies risk factors for HFMD reinfection; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before guiding prevention.
Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection disease among children, which is caused by human enterovirus (EV) family. The absence of cross-protection against different EV sub-types, makes HFMD reinfection common. Thus, we aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of HFMD reinfection in Qingdao City. Methods: Data on HFMD cases from 2014 to 2022 were obtained from National Infectious Surveillance System. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent risk factors of HFMD reinfection. Results: Overall, 78422 HFMD cases were enrolled. Of these, 2041 cases were classified as reinfection, corresponding to the reinfection rate of 2.60%. The median time interval between the primary infection and secondary infection was 12.75 (IQR=12.24) months. The seasonal peak of reinfection occurred from June to August each year. Multivarite logistic analysis showed that male, younger age, scattered children, severe cases, hospitalization, and EV71 infection were risk factors for HFMD reinfection. The proportion of patients infected with EV71 in the primary infection cases was higher than that in non-reinfection cases (OR=1.83, 95%CI=1.29-2.60). Conclusion: Boys aged 5 years and below, especially those with severe cases and first infected with EV71 are more prone to reinfection. Therefore, authorities should implement targeted health education and intervention strategies to reduce the reinfection rate among vulnerable population.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Xin et al. (2025) conducted an observational in Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) (n=78,422). EV71 infection vs. Non-reinfection cases was evaluated on HFMD reinfection (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.29-2.60, p=0.001). Primary infection with EV71 was associated with a higher risk of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection compared to non-reinfection cases.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: