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July 11, 2019Open Access

Male sex was associated with a significantly higher risk of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection compared to female sex (OR 1.18) among children aged ≤ 5 years.

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Why the study?

Reinfection with hand, foot and mouth disease is not uncommon due to limited cross-protection between enteroviruses, prompting investigation into its epidemiological characteristics and influential factors in Guangzhou.

Population

369,054 HFMD patients aged ≤5 years in Guangzhou

Comparison

Reinfection vs single infection

Design

Surveillance system-based descriptive epidemiological study

Key result

Male sex was associated with a significantly higher risk of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection compared to female sex (OR 1.18) among children aged ≤ 5 years.

Authors

XZXuan ZhongHWHui WangCCChun Chen

Discussion

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Overview

Should not yet change HFMD counseling or follow-up; leaves open sex-difference mechanisms and confirmation beyond this cohort.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=369,054)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

P
Population
369,054 children aged ≤ 5 years with hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China, evaluated for reinfection between 2012 and 2017.
O
Outcome
HFMD reinfection rate and influential factors

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 1.18 (95% CI 1.14–1.23)

Absolute Event Rate: 3.24% vs 2.79%

p-value: p=<0.001

The HFMD reinfection rate among children ≤5 years in Guangzhou was 3.07%, with higher risks observed in males, younger children, and those infected with non-EV71/CoxA16 enteroviruses.

Limitations

  • Failed to completely collect information on influential factors such as hygiene and social contacts
  • Results from Guangzhou may not be representative enough to be extended to other regions
  • Failed to collect information on hygiene and social contacts completely
  • Results are not representative enough to be extended to other regions

Cite This Study

Zhong et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) (n=369,054). Male sex vs. Female sex was evaluated on HFMD reinfection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14-1.23, p=<0.001). Male sex was associated with a significantly higher risk of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection compared to female sex (OR 1.18) among children aged ≤ 5 years.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7f0b0ecda104a52269a6achttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.11225/v1
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Reinfection in Guangzhou, Southern China from 2012 to 20172022 · 2 citations
  2. 2Epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) reinfection in children in Anhui province2015 · 28 citations
  3. 3Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of hand, foot and mouth disease reinfection cases in a large district of southern China2026
  4. 4Risk Factors for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Reinfection in Qingdao, China, from 2014 to 20222025 · 1 citations
  5. 5A Meta-Analysis of Influencing Factors for Reinfection of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China, Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates2026