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May 20, 2026CureusOpen Access

Perinatal and Socio-Demographic Factors Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Aged Three to Six Years: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

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Cross-sectional study identifies maternal and family factors linked to autism spectrum disorder in children, suggesting areas for intervention.

The aim is to evaluate perinatal and socio-demographic factors associated with autism spectrum disorder in children aged three to six years.
Cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital setting between June 2024 and March 2025
160 children aged three to six years with suspected ASD were included and screened using TABC and INDT-ASD.
Data collected on perinatal factors and socio-demographic variables, analyzed using chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-tests.
15.6% of children were diagnosed with ASD, with significant male preponderance (OR: 3.61; 95% CI: 1.17-11.10; p = 0.026).
Maternal anemia was significantly associated with ASD (OR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.39-8.05; p = 0.007).
Maternal smoking showed a strong association (OR: 10.22; 95% CI: 3.97-26.29; p < 0.001) and children from nuclear families had lower odds of ASD (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04-0.24; p < 0.001).

Rout et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Cross-sectional study identifies maternal and family factors linked to autism spectrum disorder in children, suggesting areas for intervention.