Key result
Comprehensive TTE and TEE are essential for evaluating prosthetic heart valves and identifying dysfunction.
A multiparametric echocardiographic approach combining TTE and TEE is crucial for the accurate assessment of prosthetic heart valve function and the diagnosis of structural and nonstructural dysfunction.
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Supports multiparametric TTE/TEE for prosthetic valve assessment; leaves open standardization of 3D protocols in outcomes research.
Prosthetic heart valves (PHVs) are classified as either mechanical or biological. Each valve type has its own risk-to-benefit ratio, unique hemodynamic profile, and Doppler findings, which are also affected by the valve size and the patient's body surface area. Transthoracic echocardiography, along with two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, including color and spectral Doppler, are each important for the comprehensive evaluation of PHVs and to identify the presence and mechanism of valve dysfunction.
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Beigel et al. (2014) conducted a review in Prosthetic Valve Dysfunction. Echocardiography (TTE and TEE) was evaluated. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, including two- and three-dimensional imaging with Doppler, are essential modalities for the comprehensive evaluation of prosthetic heart valves and identification of dysfunction.
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