Key result
4D X-strain echocardiography establishes normative GLS in healthy Indian adults with no sex differences.
Why the study?
Normal values for TDI of the ascending aorta by 2DE and 4D X-strain volumetric and strain parameters of the LV in healthy adults had not been established.
Observational (n=102)
No
This study establishes normative reference values for 4D X-strain echocardiography and ascending aorta tissue Doppler imaging in healthy Indian adults, highlighting the need for ethnic-specific echocardiographic reference ranges.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Provides GLS norms for Indian adults; leaves open validation against outcomes and universal references.
Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a sensitive measure of LV dysfunction and is better than EF at predicting CVD events and deaths. Recently 3D/4D/4D X strain speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is used to analyse complex LV mechanics. Interestingly, HFpEF is related to both GLS and increased Aortic stiffness. TDI of ascending Aorta is an effective technique to assess Aortic stiffness. The aim of the present study is to establish normal values of TDI of AA by 2DE and 4D X-strain volumetric and strain parameters of LV of healthy adults. 102 subjects were enrolled, 72 assessed by 2DE-GROUP-A, and 30 were analysed by 4D X-strain echocardiography-GROUP-B. Important TDI parameters of Aortic stiffness were 3.90 ±3.79& 5.23 ± 10.55, (p = NS), in males & females respectively and Aortic strain were 10.55 ± 7.67% and 9.49 ± 5.56%, (p = NS), in males & females respectively. Volumetric data of EF were 64 ± 7.0 % & 65 ± 6.0 %, (p = NS), in males & females respectively and CO were 5.6 ± 1.5 l/min & 4.91±1.53l/min, (p = NS), in males & females respectively. Moreover, 4D X-strain STE indices of GLS being -17.29 ± 2.71 & -19.00 ± 3.51, (p = NS), in males & females, respectively GCS being -15.46 ± 7.1 & -14.12 ± 6.15, (p =NS), in males & females respectively and GRS being -24.53 ± 9.8 & -21.93 ± -8.81, (p= NS), in males & females respectively. No previous data is available, making the research a singular experience.
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Akhil Mehrotra (2022) conducted an observational in Healthy Adults (n=102). 4D X Strain and 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography was evaluated on Normative values of TDI of ascending aorta and 4D X-strain volumetric and strain parameters of LV. In healthy Indian adults, normative values for global longitudinal strain by 4D X-strain echocardiography were -17.29% in males and -19.00% in females, with no significant difference between sexes.
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