Blood Pressure Responses During Exercise Were Associated With Average Home Blood Pressure and Home Blood Pressure Variability: The Electronic Framingham Heart Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Venn diagram for 3 types of hypertension. The white space in the circle represents the participants without hypertension. The blue circle represents the participants who were categorized as having examination hypertension. The red circle represents the participants who were categorized as having home hypertension. The yellow circle represents the participants who were categorized as having exaggerated exercise BP. Each percentage shown within circles was the percentage of participants who were in that specific part. For example, 21.4% of the participants were categorized as having both home hypertension and examination hypertension but not exaggerated exercise BP. BP indicates blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.

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  Figure 2. Multivariable‐adjusted associations of exercise BP measures with average home SBP for participants not on antihypertensive medication (A) and all participants (B). Point estimates and 95% CIs were plotted as points and bars for peak SBP, SBP at 75 W, SBP/workload slope, peak DBP, and DBP at 75 W. Point estimates and 95% CIs were also placed on the right of each panel. Red points and bars represented point estimates and 95% CIs for participants who had examination hypertension. Green points and bars represented point estimates and 95% CIs for participants who had no examination hypertension. Blue points and bars represented point estimates and 95% CIs for participants in both examination hypertension groups. The dotted line was placed at 0 β estimate. The model was adjusted for sex, age, examination SBP (or examination DBP), race, body mass index, smoking, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid treatment, blood glucose, prevalent diabetes, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and examination hypertension. All predictors and outcomes were scaled to 0 mean and unit variance. BP indicates blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; and SBP indicates systolic…

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  Figure 3. Multivariable‐adjusted associations of exercise BP measures with home hypertension for participants not on antihypertensive medication (A) and all participants (B). Point estimates and 95% CIs were plotted as points and bars for peak SBP, SBP at 75 W, SBP/workload slope, peak DBP, and DBP at 75 W. Point estimates and 95% CIs were also placed on the right of each panel. Red points and bars represented point estimates and 95% CIs for participants who had examination hypertension. Green points and bars represented point estimates and 95% CIs for participants who had no examination hypertension. The blue points and bars represented point estimates and 95% CIs for participants in both examination hypertension groups. The dotted line was placed at null odds ratio equal to 1. The model was adjusted for sex, age, examination SBP (or examination DBP), race, body mass index, smoking, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid treatment, blood glucose, prevalent diabetes, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and examination hypertension. All predictors and outcomes were scaled to 0 mean and unit variance. BP indicates blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; and SBP,…

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  Figure 4. Multivariable‐adjusted associations of exercise BP measures with ARV of home SBP for participants not on antihypertensive medication (A) and all participants (B). Point estimates and 95% CIs were plotted as points and bars for peak SBP, SBP at 75 W, SBP/workload slope, peak DBP, and DBP at 75 W. Point estimates and 95% CIs were also placed on the right of each panel. The red points and bars represented point estimates and 95% CIs for participants who had examination hypertension. The green points and bars represented point estimates and 95% CIs for participants who had no examination hypertension. The blue points and bars represented point estimates and 95% CIs for participants in both examination hypertension groups. The dotted line was placed at 0 βestimate. The model was adjusted for sex, age, examination SBP (or examination DBP), race, body mass index, smoking, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid treatment, blood glucose, prevalent diabetes, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and examination hypertension. All predictors and outcomes were scaled to 0 mean and unit variance. ARV indicates average real variability; BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic…