Key result
The direct oxygen Fick approach is the most accurate standard reference technique for cardiac output measurement, although considerable care is required to prevent errors.
The direct oxygen Fick approach via catheterization is the most accurate standard reference technique for cardiac output measurement, provided care is taken to avoid errors.
Supports direct Fick as CO reference in validation studies; leaves open optimal error-prevention protocols.
The direct oxygen Fick approach is the standard reference technique for cardiac output measurement. It probably is the most accurate method currently available, although there are many possibilities of introducing errors, and considerable care is needed.
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Fagard et al. (1990) studied this question. The direct oxygen Fick approach is the most accurate standard reference technique for cardiac output measurement, although considerable care is required to prevent errors.
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