Key result
Between 1987 and 2001, 3-year mortality after heart failure hospitalization decreased more in men (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.36-0.45) than in women (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.48-0.69) aged <65 years.
Why the study?
How did long-term mortality trends differ by gender and etiology in patients hospitalized for heart failure between 1987 and 2003?
Observational
Yes
How did long-term mortality trends differ by gender and etiology in patients hospitalized for heart failure between 1987 and 2003?
Long-term mortality in heart failure decreased more for men than women and more for ischemic than non-ischemic HF between 1987 and 2003 in Sweden, with no further improvements after 2001.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Mortality reductions after HF hospitalization were smaller in women than men; leaves open sex-specific factors and interventions in contemporary cohorts.
AIMS: To investigate gender-specific trends in long-term mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: The Swedish hospital discharge and cause-specific death registers were used to calculate age- and gender-specific trends for long-term prognosis in patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of HF from 1987 to 2003. Mortality decreased, mainly during 1987-95, with no further decrease after 2001. Survival in men improved more than in women (P-value for interaction 0.0003), particularly among patients aged <65 years (P-value for interaction: age, gender, and year of hospitalization 0.0003) and more for patients with ischaemic when compared with non-ischaemic HF (P-value for interaction <0.0001). Among men <65 years, the hazard ratio (HR) of dying within 3 years after discharge was 0.40 (95% confidence interval 0.36-0.45) during 1999-2001 when compared with 1987-89. The corresponding HR for women was 0.58 (0.48-0.69). For those discharged during 1999-2001, almost 20% of the patients aged 35-64 years and 40% of those aged 65-84 years died within 3 years. CONCLUSION: Long-term mortality in HF in Sweden decreased more for men than for women and more for ischaemic than non-ischaemic HF. There was no further decrease after 2001. Long-term mortality after a first hospitalization remained high.
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Shafazand et al. (2008) conducted an observational in Heart failure. Hospitalization during 1999-2001 vs. Hospitalization during 1987-1989 was evaluated on Mortality within 3 years after discharge (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.36-0.45, p=0.0003). Between 1987 and 2001, 3-year mortality after heart failure hospitalization decreased more in men (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.36-0.45) than in women (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.48-0.69) aged <65 years.
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