Race and Sex Differences in QRS Interval and Associated Outcome Among Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flow diagram for final study population. CABG indicates coronary artery bypass graft; CHF, congestive heart failure; ECG, electrocardiogram; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

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  Figure 2. Box plots of QRS interval by race and sex. The horizontal line marks a QRS duration of 120 ms. In the figure, diamonds indicate the mean QRS, horizontal lines within the box indicates the median. The box extends from the 25th to the 75th percentile, and the vertical whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values, or to the 75th percentile plus 1.5 times the distance between the 75th and 25th percentile. Open circles indicate individual data values beyond the whiskers.

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  Figure 3. Adjusted mortality rates by QRS variation and race. Yellow, black individuals QRS >120 ms; gray, black individuals QRS ≤120 ms; orange, white individuals QRS >120 ms; blue, white individuals QRS ≤120 ms. P=0.003. P‐value represents comparison across the four subgroups.

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  Figure 4. A, Adjusted expected 3‐year mortality rates for the overall population by QRS interval. B, Adjusted expected 3‐year mortality rates for the black population by QRS interval. C, Adjusted expected 3‐year mortality rates for the white population by QRS interval. BMI indicates body mass index; CHF_SEV, congestive heart failure severity; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DIASBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM_PRED, diabetes mellitus and prediabetes; DUKEINDX PULSE, Duke coronary artery severity index; ECGYEAR, year of electrocardiogram; EF, ejection fraction; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HXCABG, history of coronary artery bypass graft; HXPVD, history of peripheral vascular disease.