The Impact Of Diabetes Mellitus On The Angiographic Burden Of Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the top causes of death worldwide. In South Asia, people tend to develop CAD earlier and with more severe complications. Diabetes mellitus (DM) makes CAD worse through complicated changes in the body’s metabolism. However, how diabetes, abnormal blood fats (dyslipidaemia), and CAD severity interact in this high-risk group has not been well studied. Methods: This study looked at 100 patients with CAD who had coronary angiography at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh. One half of the patients did not have diabetes; the other half did. Through angiography, researchers obtained comprehensive health data from every participant including blood sugar levels, cholesterol, haemoglobin, and the state of their cardiac arteries. The Friesinger score measures CAD complexity from angiograms. Group comparisons for continuous variables were performed by the chi-square (χ²) test. After that, they found which elements separately predicted diabetes in these subjects by means of statistical analysis. Results: The diabetic group had much higher rates of dyslipidaemia—80% compared to just 22% in non-diabetics. Their triglyceride levels were also raised (177.2 mg/dL versus 126.9 mg/dL), as was total cholesterol (180.4 mg/dL compared to 152.2 mg/dL). Angiograms showed more severe disease in diabetics, with 34% having three blocked vessels, compared to only 2% of those without diabetes. The analysis revealed that dyslipidaemia, age between 41 and 60, age over 60, higher random blood sugar, and higher triglycerides were all strong predictors of diabetes. Interestingly, higher haemoglobin levels appeared to lower diabetes risk, hinting at a possible protective role. Conclusion: This study highlights the crucial role of dyslipidaemia and older age in the development of diabetes among CAD patients. It needs for better management of metabolic health to reduce the severity of heart disease. The unexpected protective relation between haemoglobin and diabetes calls for more research. These findings provide important clues for doctors working with high-risk patients in South Asia