Key result
Prior CV event before noncardiac surgery linked to ~112% higher risk of CVA, ACS, and AMI.
Why the study?
Delaying surgery after a major cardiovascular event might reduce adverse postoperative outcomes, but the time interval between the event and surgery is not well studied.
Does a prior cardiovascular event increase the risk of adverse outcomes after noncardiac, non-neurologic surgery?
Cohort (n=21,460,147)
Yes
Does a prior cardiovascular event increase the risk of adverse outcomes after noncardiac, non-neurologic surgery?
Effect estimate: adjusted HR 2.12 (95% CI 2.08-2.16)
A recent major cardiovascular event increases the risk of adverse postoperative outcomes for up to 37 months after the event in patients undergoing noncardiac, non-neurologic surgery.
Prior events signal prolonged risk warranting extended vigilance in noncardiac surgery; leaves open optimal mitigation strategies pending interventional trials.
BACKGROUND: Delaying surgery after a major cardiovascular event might reduce adverse postoperative outcomes. The time interval represents a potentially modifiable risk factor but is not well studied. METHODS: This was a longitudinal retrospective population-based cohort study, linking data from Hospital Episode Statistics for NHS England and the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project. Adults undergoing noncardiac, non-neurologic surgery in 2007-2018 were included. The time interval between a preoperative cardiovascular event and surgery was the main exposure. The outcomes of interest were acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) within 1 year of surgery, unplanned readmission (at 30 days and 1 year), and prolonged length of stay. Multivariable logistic regression models with restricted cubic splines were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs; age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, and comorbidities). RESULTS: In total, 877 430 people had a previous cardiovascular event and 20 582 717 were without an event. CVA, ACS, and AMI in the year after elective surgery were more frequent after prior cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08-2.16). Prolonged hospital stay (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.35-1.38) and 30-day (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.25-1.30) and 1-yr (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.58-1.62) unplanned readmission were more common after major operations in those with a prior cardiovascular event. After adjusting for the time interval between preoperative events until surgery, elective operations within 37 months were associated with an increased risk of postoperative ACS or AMI. The risk of postoperative stroke plateaued after a 20-month interval until surgery, irrespective of surgical urgency. CONCLUSIONS: These observational data suggest increased adverse outcomes after a recent cardiovascular event can occur for up to 37 months after a major cardiovascular event.
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Luney et al. (2024) conducted a cohort in Prior cardiovascular event (CVA or ACS) undergoing noncardiac, non-neurologic surgery (n=21,460,147). Prior cardiovascular event vs. No prior cardiovascular event was evaluated on CVA, ACS, and AMI within 1 year of surgery (adjusted HR 2.12, 95% CI 2.08-2.16). A prior cardiovascular event before noncardiac surgery was associated with a higher risk of postoperative CVA, ACS, and AMI (adjusted HR 2.12; 95% CI 2.08-2.16) for up to 37 months.
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