Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea improves perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation in rats (Rattus norvegicus) with high-fat diet

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Population: Perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation (n=25). Intervention: Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea vs. High-fat diet. Primary outcome: Size of WAT-like PVAT (MD 235.04 µm, 95% CI 71.83-398.24, p=0.002).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea improves high-fat diet-induced dysregulation of white and brown-like perivascular adipose tissue. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Desak Made Wihandani; I Gede Aswin Parisya Sasmana; I Gusti Ngurah Agung Surya Pratama; Putu Putri AGUSTINI; Lalita SAMALA; I Made Suputra Dwipayana

doi:10.5472/marumj.1955286

May 21, 2026Marmara medical journalOpen Access

Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea improves perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation in rats (Rattus norvegicus) with high-fat diet

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Key result

Clitoria ternatea extract reduces WAT-like PVAT size by ~235 µm in high-fat diet rats.

MD −235.04 µm
95% CI 71.83-398.24
P=0.002
n=25

Why the study?

Perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation is linked to coronary heart disease and hypertension, but whether anthocyanin-rich Clitoria ternatea extract can improve this dysregulation remains unclear.

Does aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea improve perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation in rats fed a high-fat diet?

Key Points

This study aimed to investigate the potential of an anthocyanin-rich aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea to improve high-fat diet-induced perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation in rats.
Experimental study involving 25 rats (Rattus norvegicus) allocated into 5 groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD plus Clitoria ternatea extract at 250 mg/kgBW (HFD+CTE250), 500 mg/kgBW (HFD+CTE500), or 750 mg/kgBW (HFD+CTE750).
Rats received a high-fat diet for 13 weeks, with Clitoria ternatea extract administered during the final 3 weeks.
Dysregulation of white adipose tissue-like (WAT-like) and brown adipose tissue-like (BAT-like) perivascular adipose tissue was evaluated histologically on abdominal aortic samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin.
Aqueous Clitoria ternatea extract led to a reduction in the size of WAT-like perivascular adipose tissue of 235.04 μm (95% CI: 71.83–398.24; p = 0.002), with the HFD+CTE750 group demonstrating a significant mean difference of –175.51 µm (95% CI: –350.97 to –0.04; p = 0.049) compared with the HFD group.
A decrease in the cell density of BAT-like perivascular adipose tissue was observed in the HFD+CTE250 group versus the HFD group, though the difference did not achieve statistical significance (mean difference: 1.98; 95% CI: –48.59 to 52.55; p = 0.7).

Structured PICO

Does aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea improve perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation in rats fed a high-fat diet?

P

Population

25 healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), 8-10 weeks old, fed a high-fat diet.

I

Intervention

Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea (CTE) at doses of 250, 500, or 750 mg/kgBW administered during the last 3 weeks of a 13-week high-fat diet.

C

Comparator

High-fat diet alone (positive control) and normal diet (negative control).

O

Outcome

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysregulation histologically assessed on abdominal aortic samples (size of WAT-like PVAT and cell density of BAT-like PVAT).surrogate

Main Result

Effect estimate: MD 235.04 µm (95% CI 71.83-398.24)

p-value: p=0.002

Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea reduces the size of white adipose tissue-like perivascular adipose tissue in rats fed a high-fat diet, suggesting potential structural benefits against obesity-induced vascular dysregulation.

Limitations

Evaluation was limited to morphological and histological parameters of PVAT
No markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, or molecular markers were directly measured
Conducted using an animal model, and its findings may not be directly extrapolable to the human condition
Relatively short duration of the intervention
Evaluation was limited to morphological and histological parameters of PVAT, without direct measurement of inflammatory, oxidative stress, or molecular markers.
Conducted using an animal model, and findings may not be directly extrapolable to humans.
Relatively short duration of the intervention.

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Implication

Should not change practice; hypothesis-generating for Clitoria ternatea effects on PVAT in obesity models.

Abstract

Objective: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an adipose depot found around blood vessels, and its dysregulation is associated withcoronary heart disease and hypertension. This research aimed to investigate the potential of the aqueous extract of Clitoria ternateaextract (CTE), rich in anthocyanins, to improve PVAT dysregulation in rats induced by a high-fat diet.Materials and Methods: Experimental research involved 25 rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 5 groups, namely normal diet (ND),high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+CTE250, HFD+CTE500, and HFD+CTE750 mg/kgBW. Rats were fed a high-fat diet for 13 weeks, and CTEwas administered during the last 3 weeks. The PVAT dysregulation was histologically assessed on abdominal aortic samples.Results: Results of the study demonstrated a reduction in the size of white adipose tissue–like perivascular adipose tissue (WAT-likePVAT) of 235.04 μm (95% CI: 71.83–398.24; p = 0.002) in the group given aqueous CTE. A decrease in the cell density of perivascularadipose tissue-like brown adipose tissue (BAT-like PVAT) was also found (MD: 1.98; 95% CI: – 48.59 to 52.55; p = 0.7) in theHFD+CTE250 group compared with the HFD group.Conclusion: The aqueous CTE can improve the dysregulation of WAT-like PVAT and BAT-like PVAT in rats on a high-fat diet.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Wihandani et al. (2026) studied Perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation (n=25). Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea vs. High-fat diet was evaluated on Size of WAT-like PVAT (MD 235.04 µm, 95% CI 71.83-398.24, p=0.002). Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea significantly reduced the size of white adipose tissue-like perivascular adipose tissue by 235.04 µm in rats fed a high-fat diet.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a11456648a409a3a49df31a https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1955286

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Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea improves perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation in rats (Rattus norvegicus) with high-fat diet

Key Points

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea improves perivascular adipose tissue dysregulation in rats (Rattus norvegicus) with high-fat diet

Key Points

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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