David L. Barkley, Mark S. Henry, Shuming Bao, Identifying "Spread" versus "Backwash" Effects in Regional Economic Areas: A Density Functions Approach, Land Economics, Vol. 72, No. 3 (Aug., 1996), pp. 336-357
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Barkley et al. (1996) studied this question.