A review of foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia: epidemiological aspects, economic implications, and control strategies

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. FMDV structure (icosahedral capsid structure), adapted from https://viralzone.expasy.org/98. (Accessed on 17 July 2022)

• 

  Fig. 2. The RNA strand of FMDV and its protein-coding parts. The RNA strand has a 5′UTR, an ORF with L, VP4, VP2, VP3, VP1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B (3B1, 3B2, and 3B3), 3C, and 3D parts, and a 3′UTR.; source: [25]

• 

  Fig. 3. Map of FMD official status; adapted from https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2023/03/fmd-world-eng-2023.jpg (accessed on 17 July 2022)

• 

  Fig. 4. Endemic serotypes of FMDV in different pools; adapted from https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2021/05/fmd-world-eng.png (accessed on 17 August 2023). Source [68]

• 

  Fig. 5. FMDV isolates acquired in Ethiopia from 2008 to 2019 were distributed across the country. The map was adapted from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tbed.13675

• 

  Fig. 6. Ruptured blister on a cow's tongue (A); foot lesions on the coronet and interdigital area of the hoofs (B); affected animal develops vesicles in the muzzle (C) and on the teats (in lactating animals) (D); source: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/diseaseinfo/disease-images/?disease=foot-and-mouth-disease (accessed on 17 July 2023)

• 

  Fig. 7. Laboratory tests for FMD diagnosis based on viral materials and antibodies in different scenarios; adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Click on image to zoom&p = PMC3&id = 7473413_fvets-07–00477-g0001.jpg (Accessed on 18 July 2023). Source: [145]

• 

  Fig. 8. Desirable features of a perfect FMD vaccine; Adapted from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00705-019-04216-x/figures/2 (Accessed on 17 August 2023). Source: source [139]