Opportunities and Challenges of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques in Cardiovascular Disease Prediction: A Systematic Review

Healthcare is indeed an inevitable part of life for everyone. In recent days, most of the deaths have been happening because of noncommunicable diseases. Despite the significant advancements in medical diagnosis, cardiovascular diseases are still the most prominent cause of mortality worldwide. With recent innovations in Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques, there has been an enormous surge in the clinical field, especially in cardiology. Several ML and DL algorithms are useful for predicting cardiovascular diseases. The predictive capability of these algorithms is promising for various cardiovascular diseases like coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, and others. We also review the lung interactions during heart disease. After the study of various ML and DL models with different datasets, the performance of the various strategies is analyzed. In this study, we focused on the analysis of various ML and DL algorithms to diagnose cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we also presented a detailed analysis of heart failure detection and various risk factors. This paper may be helpful to researchers in studying various algorithms and finding an optimal algorithm for their dataset.