Measurement of the Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Young, Healthy Smokers
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Key result
Active cigarette smoking in young, healthy subjects was associated with significantly lower flow-mediated dilatation compared to non-smokers (12.4% vs 16.1%, p=0.03).
Why the study?
Does active cigarette smoking reduce flow-mediated dilatation and increase brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in young, healthy subjects?
Population
57 young, healthy subjects without a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, thyroid…
Comparison
Active cigarette smoking vs No history of cigarette smoking
Design
Cross-sectional, Ultrasound scans were analyzed by one observer blinded to the…
Authors
Discussion
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Implication
May signal early endothelial impairment in young smokers; leaves open causality and need for longitudinal confirmation before practice implications.
Study Design
Type
Cross-Sectional (n=57)
Blinding
Single-blind
Multicenter
No
Structured PICO
Does active cigarette smoking reduce flow-mediated dilatation and increase brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in young, healthy subjects?
P
Population
57 young, healthy subjects (13 females, 44 males; mean age 29.9±5.6 years) without a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, or diabetes mellitus. None took anti-oxidants or cardiovascular medications.
I
Intervention
Active cigarette smoking (mean cumulative nicotine consumption 10.0±8.6 pack/years)
C
Comparator
No history of cigarette smoking
O
Outcome
Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV)surrogate
Main Result
Absolute Event Rate: 12.4% vs 16.1%
p-value: p=0.03
Cigarette smoking in young, healthy subjects is associated with early endothelial dysfunction characterized by reduced flow-mediated dilatation, which independently correlates with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.
Limitations
- Inclusion of young female subjects without clarifying menstrual cycle phase, which is known to affect FMD.
- FMD and NMD values appeared higher than those in previous reports, possibly due to enrolling only young and healthy subjects.
- Cumulative nicotine consumption did not correlate with FMD or PWV, possibly due to the small sample size, large deviation in pack years, or relatively small cumulative consumption.
- Inclusion of young female subjects without clarifying the phase of their menstrual cycle, which is known to affect FMD and PWV
- FMD and NMD values were higher than previous reports, likely due to the enrollment of only young and healthy subjects
- Cumulative nicotine consumption (pack years) did not correlate with FMD or PWV, possibly due to large deviation, small cumulative consumption, or small sample size
Cite This Study
Yufu et al. (2007) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy subjects (n=57). Cigarette smoking vs. Non-smoking was evaluated on Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) (p=0.03). Active cigarette smoking in young, healthy subjects was associated with significantly lower flow-mediated dilatation compared to non-smokers (12.4% vs 16.1%, p=0.03).
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