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May 24, 2026Journal of Perinatal MedicineOpen Access

Forceps, vacuum, and breech extraction for difficult delivery of an unengaged fetal head during cesarean birth: a retrospective cohort study

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Authors

MCMarcos Javier CuervaBGBeatriz GarciaARAlicia Ramirez-Castan

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Overview

Retrospective cohort study compares neonatal outcomes in cesarean births with difficult fetal extraction techniques, suggesting surgeon experience is key.

Key Points

  • This study aims to compare neonatal outcomes related to different fetal extraction techniques in cesarean deliveries involving unengaged fetal heads.
  • Conducted a retrospective, single-center analysis of cesarean births from July 2022 to July 2025.
  • Included singleton, term, cephalic pregnancies without labor onset needing fetal extraction.
  • Data on maternal, surgical, and neonatal outcomes were analyzed with adjustments for surgeon experience.
  • Of 98 cesarean births, 61.2% used forceps, 25.5% vacuum, and 13.3% breech extraction.
  • No significant differences in bilirubin levels across extraction techniques nor in phototherapy needs: 8.3% for forceps, 20% for vacuum, and 0% for breech.
  • Surgeon experience was significantly associated with lower phototherapy requirements.

Cite This Study

Cuerva et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a12966a48a0ea16656732d1https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2026-0181
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Comparison of Feto-Maternal Outcomes of Conventional Method vs Reverse Breach Extraction Method in Delivering Deeply Engaged Foetal Head at Caesarean Section2025
  2. 2Efficacy and safety of vacuum-assisted cesarean delivery2026
  3. 3Severe Neonatal Morbidity in Forceps versus Vacuum Birth among Individuals with Previous Cesarean Birth: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study2025
  4. 4EXPERIENCE OF THE USE OF VACUUM EXTRACTOR IN DELIVERY ASSISTANCE2025
  5. 5The Impact of Delivery Methods on the Delivery Outcomes of Women with a Prolonged Second Stage and a Fetus in the Occipital Posterior Position2024 · 1 citations