Alfabetización digital y derechos de privacidad en la era de las TIC: análisis documental desde la perspectiva legal y ética del manejo de información

This study analyzes the relationship between digital literacy and protecting privacy rights using ICTs from a legal and ethical perspective. The research question focused on understanding how digital literacy contributes to the ethical and legal use of ICTs and helps prevent the violation of informational rights. A qualitative, exploratory approach was employed, using a documentary and cross-sectional design. The review covered 21 empirical studies published between 2021 and 2025, selected through rigorous criteria and analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that higher levels of critical digital literacy are associated with better practices in the protection of personal data across contexts such as education, healthcare, library management, and digital commerce. Additionally, digital literacy was found to support the exercise of informational rights and to help address risks related to surveillance, manipulation, and data misuse. The study concludes that digital literacy should be addressed as a key civic competence to promote responsible ICT use and safeguard privacy in the digital society. It advances understanding of the phenomenon and suggests integrative approaches across education, law, and technology.