Retrospective Study of the Upsurge of Enterovirus D68 Clade D1 among Adults (2014–2018)

Figures

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  Figure 1. Monthly distribution of EV-D68 infections, Clermont-Ferrand, 2014–2018. Histogram colours match the EV-D68 clade related to the infection case as indicated on the graph. Hatched colours match EV-D68 in adult patients. Solid colours match EV-D68 in paediatric patients. UT: untyped.

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  Figure 2. Phylogeny of EV-D68 clade D and molecular variation of viral proteins. (A) The phylogenetic tree was obtained with the Nextstrain pipeline using a global dataset of 734 EV-D68 whole genomes available in Genbank (as of 1 February 2020) and 30 new sequences obtained in this study. The solid red diamonds indicate statistical support of main nodes (posterior probability ≥0.98). The colours of sequence names match with age groups of related patients: red and blue colours match with adults (>16 years) and children (≤16 years), respectively. Sequence names in black had no corresponding information on related patient age. The branches are coloured according to the geographic origin. (B) Identification of protein positions having amino acid residues specific to clade D. The amino acid positions from other EV-D68 clades are expressed in percentages on the graph with Weblogo 3 [14]. Amino acids with pink background indicate specific positions. Amino acids with blue background match unspecific positions. Amino acids are coloured according to their chemistry.

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  Figure 3. Phylogeny of EV-D68 clade B3 and molecular variation of viral proteins. (A) The phylogenetic tree was obtained with the Nextstrain pipeline using a global dataset of 734 EV-D68 whole genomes available in Genbank (as of 1 February 2020) and 30 new sequences obtained in this study. The solid red diamonds indicate statistical support of main nodes (posterior probability ≥0.98). The colours of sequence names match with age groups of related patients: red and blue colours match with adults (>16 years) and children (≤16 years), respectively. Sequence names in black had no corresponding information on related patient age. The branches are coloured according to the geographic origin. (B) Identification of protein positions having amino acid residues specific to clade B3. The amino acid positions from other EV-D68 clades are expressed in percentages on the graph with Weblogo 3 [14]. Amino acids with pink background indicate specific positions. Amino acids with blue background match unspecific positions. Amino acids are coloured according to their chemistry.