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May inform shared decision-making for complex cardiac patients; leaves open prospective validation of comorbidity-adjusted risk models.
Decisions about when to refer patients for cardiac surgery remain dynamic in the face of rapidly advancing technology. Coexisting health problems obviously play an important role, as do the natural history of the cardiovascular disorder, the indications for surgery, and the risks associated with the operative procedure. Nonetheless, many patients can be offered the possibility of improved cardiovascular function and survival through cardiac interventions.
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Joseph L. Blackshear (1998) studied this question.
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