Sliding Window-Based Fault Detection From High-Dimensional Data Streams

High-dimensional data streams are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in industrial systems. Efficient detection of system faults from these data can ensure the reliability and safety of the system. The difficulties brought about by high dimensionality and data streams are mainly the “curse of dimensionality” and concept drifting, and one current challenge is to simultaneously address them. To this purpose, this paper presents an approach to fault detection from nonstationary high-dimensional data streams. An angle-based subspace anomaly detection approach is proposed to detect low-dimensional subspace faults from high-dimensional datasets. Specifically, it selects fault-relevant subspaces by evaluating vectorial angles and computes the local outlier-ness of an object in its subspace projection. Based on the sliding window strategy, the approach is further extended to an online mode that can continuously monitor system states. To validate the proposed algorithm, we compared it with the local outlier factor-based approaches on artificial datasets and found the algorithm displayed superior accuracy. The results of the experiment demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. They also indicated that the algorithm has the ability to discriminate low-dimensional subspace faults from normal samples in high-dimensional spaces and can be adaptive to the time-varying behavior of the monitored system. The online subspace learning algorithm for fault detection would be the main contribution of this paper.