Key result
Application of high-intensity focused and side-firing unfocused ultrasound produced esophageal ulcers when esophageal temperature was ≥50°C, with 2 dogs developing fatal fistulas at 2 weeks.
In a canine model, ultrasound ablation near the esophagus causes esophageal ulcers when luminal temperature reaches ≥50°C, which can progress to fatal left atrial-esophageal fistulas.
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May warrant esophageal temperature limits <50°C during ultrasound ablation; leaves open human applicability and safety thresholds.
Yokoyama et al. (2008) studied Esophageal injury and left atrial-esophageal fistula (n=20). Forward-firing high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and side-firing unfocused ultrasound (SFU) was evaluated on Esophageal ulcer and left atrial-esophageal fistula development. Application of high-intensity focused and side-firing unfocused ultrasound produced esophageal ulcers when esophageal temperature was ≥50°C, with 2 dogs developing fatal fistulas at 2 weeks.
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