Key result
OSA drives CVD pathogenesis through hypoxic oxidative stress, autonomic dysregulation, endothelial damage, and inflammation.
Why the study?
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with several cardiovascular risk predictors that have only recently begun to be studied in detail, alongside known links to major cardiovascular conditions.
How does obstructive sleep apnea impact cardiovascular risk and health?
How does obstructive sleep apnea impact cardiovascular risk and health?
Obstructive sleep apnea is a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis via multiple mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction and autonomic dysregulation.
OSA mechanisms inform CVD pathogenesis; leaves open whether targeted treatment alters clinical outcomes.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with several cardiovascular risk predictors that have only recently begun to be studied in detail. The strong association between OSA and hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and sudden cardiac death underscores its significant impact on cardiovascular health. This brief review considers the links between OSA and cardiovascular risk. RECENT FINDINGS: OSA is an important contributor to endothelial dysfunction and damage, while repetitive hypoxia and hypercarbia contribute to autonomic dysfunction and sympathetic stimulation. In turn, these derangements have deleterious hematologic effects, including hypercoagulability and abnormal platelet aggregability, which are important in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic disease. SUMMARY: The varied deleterious effects of OSA on cardiovascular health stem from a unique 'perfect storm' of hypoxic oxidative stress, autonomic dysregulation, endothelial damage, and inflammation occurring at the microvascular level. Further research may disentangle these multiple etiologic threads and provide a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological relationship between OSA and cardiovascular disease.
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Rajachandran et al. (2023) conducted a review in Obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea contributes to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis through a combination of hypoxic oxidative stress, autonomic dysregulation, endothelial damage, and inflammation.
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