Key result
CV risk and obesity link to peak grey matter loss a decade earlier in men.
Why the study?
Do cardiovascular risk and obesity impact loss of grey matter volume differently in males and females across different age groups?
Observational (n=34,425)
Do cardiovascular risk and obesity impact loss of grey matter volume differently in males and females across different age groups?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Cardiovascular risk and obesity are associated with reduced brain volume a decade earlier in men (55-64 years) compared to women (65-74 years), suggesting sex-specific timing for preventive interventions.
BACKGROUND: It remains imperative to discover the time course that cardiovascular risk factors influence neurodegeneration in males and females and decipher whether the apolipoprotein (APOE) genotype mediates this relationship. Here we perform a large-scale evaluation of the influence of cardiovascular risk and obesity on brain volume in males and females in different age groups. METHODS: 34 425 participants between the ages of 45 and 82 years were recruited from the UK Biobank database https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk. T1-weighted structural MR images (n=34 425) were downloaded locally for all participants, and voxel-based morphometry was performed to characterise the volumetric changes of the whole brain. The influence of Framingham cardiovascular risk (general cardiovascular risk), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue volume (obesity) on cortical grey matter volume across different decades of life was evaluated with voxel-wise analysis. RESULTS: In males, cardiovascular risk and obesity demonstrated the greatest influence on lower grey matter volume between 55-64 years of age. Female participants showed the greatest effect on lower grey matter volume between 65-74 years of age. Associations remained significant in APOE ε4 carriers and APOE ε4 non-carriers when evaluated separately. CONCLUSIONS: The strongest influence of cardiovascular risk and obesity on reduced brain volume was between 55-64 years of age in males, whereas women were most susceptible to the detrimental effects of cardiovascular risk a decade later between 65-74 years of age. Here we elucidate the timing that targeting cardiovascular risk factors and obesity should be implemented in males and females to prevent neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease development.
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Nowell et al. (2024) conducted an observational in Cardiovascular risk and obesity (n=34,425). Cardiovascular risk and obesity was evaluated on Cortical grey matter volume changes. Cardiovascular risk and obesity were associated with the greatest reduction in grey matter volume at 55-64 years of age in males, compared to a decade later (65-74 years) in females.
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